Longevity Pharmaceuticals

A first-line diabetes drug with 60+ years of clinical history, now emerging as the most evidence-backed pharmaceutical for anti-aging. The Bannister study showed metformin users outliving non-diabetic controls, and the TAME trial is the first FDA-approved trial targeting aging itself.

An mTOR inhibitor originally used in organ transplant patients, now emerging as the most evidence-backed pharmacological longevity intervention. The landmark Harrison 2009 study showed lifespan extension in mice, and the PEARL trial (2025) confirmed safety in healthy adults at longevity doses.

A class of diabetes drugs (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, canagliflozin) that promote glucose excretion through urine. NIA Interventions Testing Program validated for lifespan extension. Emerging as senotherapeutic agents with cardiovascular and kidney protective effects.

An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that slows carbohydrate digestion, blunting post-meal glucose spikes. Validated by the NIA Interventions Testing Program for lifespan extension in mice. Bryan Johnson takes 200mg daily as part of his Blueprint protocol.

An opioid antagonist used at ultra-low doses (1-4.5mg vs standard 50mg) to modulate the immune system and reduce chronic inflammation. Widely adopted in functional medicine for autoimmune conditions, chronic pain, and inflammatory disorders.

SGLT2 inhibitor FDA-approved for diabetes that has shown lifespan extension in the NIA Interventions Testing Program. Promotes glucose excretion through urine, mimicking caloric restriction. Also provides cardiovascular and kidney protection beyond glucose lowering.

Pharmaceutical senolytic combination that selectively clears senescent (zombie) cells. Dasatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) targets senescent fat cell progenitors while quercetin targets senescent endothelial cells. The most studied senolytic drug combination in human trials.

A class of drugs and natural compounds that selectively eliminate senescent ("zombie") cells, which accumulate with age and drive chronic inflammation, tissue dysfunction, and age-related disease. The most studied combination is dasatinib plus quercetin (D+Q), while fisetin is emerging as a well-tolerated plant-derived alternative. Human trials are underway, but senolytics remain a frontier longevity intervention with significant promise and limited long-term safety data.

Non-feminizing form of estradiol that has extended lifespan in male mice by ~19% in the NIA Interventions Testing Program. Unlike 17-β-estradiol, it does not cause feminizing effects. Mechanism involves metabolic improvements and mTOR pathway modulation.

An experimental rejuvenation approach based on the hypothesis that aging is driven partly by accumulated pro-aging factors in blood plasma. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) or neutral blood exchange (NBE) replaces a portion of blood plasma with saline and albumin, diluting these factors. Pioneered by the Conboy lab at UC Berkeley, early animal studies showed remarkable tissue rejuvenation, but human longevity data remains very limited.