Omega-3
Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA/DHA)
Essential fatty acids critical for brain health, cardiovascular function, and inflammation regulation. One of the most studied and recommended supplements globally.
How Omega-3 Works
EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) are incorporated into cell membrane phospholipids, improving membrane fluidity and receptor function. EPA is the primary anti-inflammatory omega-3, serving as a precursor to resolvins and protectins — specialized pro-resolving mediators that actively terminate inflammatory responses. DHA constitutes 30-40% of brain cortical phospholipids, supporting neuronal membrane integrity, synaptic plasticity, and neuroprotection. Both compete with pro-inflammatory omega-6 (arachidonic acid) for cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes.
📊 Evidence by Outcome
Reduces triglycerides, lowers blood pressure, and decreases cardiovascular risk.
100 studies • Consistency: High • Effect: Moderate
DHA is structural component of brain. EPA reduces neuroinflammation.
60 studies • Consistency: High • Effect: Moderate
Potent anti-inflammatory effects via resolvins and protectins.
80 studies • Consistency: High • Effect: Large
Key Research
Peer-Reviewed Evidence • 3 Citations
Marine omega-3 fatty acids and the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer (VITAL)
Manson JE et al.•N Engl J Med•2019•PMID: 30415637
Key Finding: Marine omega-3 supplementation reduced major cardiovascular events by 28% and MI risk by 40%, particularly in low fish consumption groups.
View on PubMedOmega-3 fatty acids supplementation and cognitive decline: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Alex A et al.•J Alzheimers Dis•2020•PMID: 31985464
Key Finding: Meta-analysis suggests omega-3 supplementation may slow cognitive decline, particularly DHA at doses above 1g/day in early cognitive impairment.
View on PubMedOmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the treatment of depression: A meta-analysis
Liao Y et al.•J Affect Disord•2019•PMID: 30261424
Key Finding: EPA-predominant omega-3 formulations showed significant antidepressant effects, with EPA doses of 1-2g/day being most effective.
View on PubMedCitations sourced from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and peer-reviewed journals. Study findings are summarized for accessibility. Always consult the original publication for full methodology and results.
Side Effects & Safety
Interactions & Contraindications
Drug Interactions
- •Blood thinners (warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel) — omega-3 has mild antiplatelet effect, monitor INR
- •Blood pressure medications — omega-3 may mildly lower blood pressure (additive effect)
- •Orlistat (weight loss drug) — reduces omega-3 absorption
Supplement Interactions
- •Synergistic with astaxanthin for cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory benefits
- •Vitamin E — protects omega-3 from oxidation (many quality fish oils include it)
- •Curcumin — combined anti-inflammatory effects via different pathways
Food & Timing
- •Best absorbed with a fat-containing meal
- •Wild-caught fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines) provide EPA+DHA directly
- •Plant sources (flaxseed, chia) provide ALA with very poor conversion to EPA/DHA (<5%)
Who Should Avoid
- •Fish or shellfish allergy (unless using algae-derived omega-3)
- •Scheduled surgery — discontinue high-dose omega-3 5-7 days before due to antiplatelet effect
- •Active bleeding disorders
📋 Protocol Snapshot
Protocols are for informational purposes only. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting any treatment protocol.
Cost Guide
AED 50–200/month
Estimated UAE pricing. Costs vary by provider, dosage, and treatment plan.
Frequently Asked Questions
For general health, 1-2g of combined EPA+DHA daily. For targeted anti-inflammatory effects, 2-4g of EPA+DHA (clinical doses used in REDUCE-IT trial for cardiovascular benefit). Focus on the EPA+DHA content on the label, not total fish oil. A capsule containing 1000mg fish oil may only deliver 300mg EPA+DHA.
Triglyceride-form fish oil has better absorption than ethyl-ester form. Look for brands that specify 'TG form' or 'rTG form' (re-esterified triglyceride). High-quality brands available in the UAE include Nordic Naturals, Carlson, and WHC. Algae-based omega-3 (from microalgae) is the best vegan option and avoids ocean contaminant concerns.
If you consume 2-3 servings of fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines) per week, you may be getting adequate omega-3. However, most UAE residents do not eat enough fatty fish. Additionally, farm-raised fish has significantly lower omega-3 content than wild-caught. An omega-3 index blood test (target 8-12%) can determine your actual status.
Reputable fish oil manufacturers use molecular distillation to remove heavy metals, PCBs, and dioxins. The final product typically contains negligible mercury. Look for third-party tested brands with IFOS (International Fish Oil Standards) certification. Small fish sources (sardines, anchovies) naturally accumulate less mercury than large predator fish.
Related Treatments
Medical Disclaimer: The information on this page is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Kamura Scores reflect a combination of research evidence, safety, accessibility, and value — they are not clinical recommendations. Research citations are provided for reference; always consult the original publications for complete study details. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or modifying any treatment. Individual results may vary.